Union by the first intention, also known as primary intention healing or primary union, refers to the process of wound healing where the edges of a wound are directly brought together and united without any significant gap or separation. This method of healing is typically achievable in surgical incisions or clean, well-approximated wounds, where the tissue continuity can be easily restored.
During union by the first intention, there is minimal tissue loss, and the wound edges are meticulously aligned and closed using sutures, staples, or adhesive tapes. The precise approximation of the wound edges helps to promote rapid healing and minimize scarring. Additionally, the risk of infection is significantly reduced due to the lack of an open pathway for external contaminants to enter the wound.
In this type of wound healing, the inflammatory response phase is relatively short since the injury is not extensive. The collagen production and remodeling phase progress swiftly and efficiently, aiding in the formation of a strong and tight wound closure. The healing process involves the re-epithelialization of the wound surface, where new skin cells migrate and cover the wound, creating a seamless and intact appearance.
Union by the first intention is the desired outcome for small surgical incisions, superficial cuts, or well-approximated wounds. This method of wound closure aims to achieve optimal healing with minimal scarring, reduced risk of infection, and faster recovery. Conversely, wounds that are unable to be closed in this manner due to their size, severity, or contamination are more likely to heal through secondary intention or tertiary intention healing.
