The spelling of the medical term "undescended testis" can be explained through its IPA phonetic transcription. /ʌn.dɪˈsɛn.dɪd ˈtɛ.stɪs/ refers to a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. The term is composed of three syllables, with the primary stress on the second syllable. "Undescended" is pronounced with a schwa sound in the first syllable, followed by a stressed "den" and a reduced "ded" ending. "Testis" is pronounced with a short "e" sound in the first syllable and long "i" in the second.
Undescended testis, also known as cryptorchidism, is a medical condition characterized by the failure of one or both testicles to descend properly into the scrotum during fetal development. In a normal development, the testicles form inside the abdomen and gradually descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum before birth or shortly thereafter.
With undescended testis, however, one or both testicles remain trapped inside the abdominal cavity, inguinal canal, or anywhere along the normal path of descent. This condition is more commonly observed in premature infants but can also occur in full-term infants and even in adult males.
The exact cause of undescended testis is still unclear, although it is believed to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and hormonal factors. Some risk factors include premature birth, low birth weight, family history of undescended testis, and certain other medical conditions.
If left untreated, undescended testis can lead to various complications, including an increased risk of testicular cancer, infertility, and inguinal hernia. Therefore, early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial. Treatment options typically include hormonal therapy and surgical intervention, such as orchidopexy, which involves surgically bringing down the undescended testicle into the scrotum and fixing it in place.
Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare professional are essential after treatment, as continued monitoring is necessary to ensure proper testicular development and detect any potential complications that may arise.
The word undescended in the term undescended testis comes from the Latin roots un meaning not or without, and descendere meaning to go down or to descend. It refers to the condition in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal development or early childhood. Testis is also of Latin origin, simply meaning testicle.