Under soils refer to the layers of soil that are located beneath the surface layer or topsoil. It is the part of the Earth's crust containing a mixture of rock particles, organic matter, water, air, and living organisms, which interact with each other to sustain plant growth. Under soil includes the subsoil and the layers beneath it, such as regolith and bedrock.
The subsoil, found immediately below the topsoil, consists of weathered rocks, minerals, and some organic material. It is characterized by a lower concentration of organic matter and nutrients compared to the topsoil, and its properties vary depending on the climate, location, and geological factors.
Regolith refers to the loose, unconsolidated material above the bedrock, which primarily consists of broken rocks, pebbles, and sand. It acts as a buffer layer that helps regulate drainage, retain moisture, and provide structural support to the soil.
Lastly, bedrock is the solid, underlying layer of rock or unweathered material that forms the base of the soil profile. It serves as a geological foundation and typically consists of consolidated rock, such as granite, limestone, or basalt.
Understanding the composition and characteristics of under soils is crucial in various fields, including agriculture, geology, and environmental science. Studying under soils helps assess fertility, drainage capacity, soil health, and provides insights into the geological history and landscape formation.
