Udders are the mammary glands present in female mammals, particularly cows and other livestock. It is a cylindrical or bag-like structure attached to the lower abdominal region, between the hind legs. Udders are responsible for the production of milk, which is vital for nourishing the offspring.
Typically, udders are made up of four separate mammary glands, although variations can be found. Each gland consists of a teat, a duct system, and various lobes of glandular tissue. These structures collectively facilitate the production, transportation, and release of milk.
During pregnancy, hormonal changes cause udders to prepare for lactation. After giving birth, cows and other lactating animals are typically milked regularly to extract the milk for human consumption or other purposes. The process involves firmly gripping and squeezing the teats using suitable milking equipment or by hand, which stimulates the milk ejection reflex and facilitates milk flow.
The size and shape of udders can vary among different breeds and individual animals. They can range from small and compact to large and pendulous, depending on genetics, age, nutrition, and whether the animal has been recently milked.
Udders play a critical role in the dairy industry, where cows' milk is used to produce various dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. Therefore, their health and well-being are significant considerations in livestock management, as any issues or infections affecting the udder can lead to a decrease in milk production or even cause discomfort or pain to the animal.
