Type II Arnold Chiari Malformation, also known as Chiari II malformation or Arnold-Chiari malformation, is a structural abnormality of the brain that primarily affects the lower part of the brain, called the cerebellum, and the spinal cord. It is characterized by the downward displacement or herniation of parts of the cerebellum, especially the tonsils, through the opening at the base of the skull, known as the foramen magnum.
This condition is typically associated with a condition called myelomeningocele, a severe form of spina bifida, in which the spinal canal and backbone do not close properly during prenatal development. Type II Arnold Chiari Malformation is almost always present in individuals with myelomeningocele.
Symptoms of Type II Arnold Chiari Malformation may include problems with balance and coordination, difficulty swallowing, breathing issues, weakness in the arms or legs, muscle weakness, hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain), and spinal cord disturbances. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis and impairment of multiple bodily functions.
Treatment for Type II Arnold Chiari Malformation may involve surgical intervention to create more space in the skull or to remove any obstructions. The aim of surgery is to relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord and restore normal cerebrospinal fluid flow.
It is important for individuals with Type II Arnold Chiari Malformation to receive long-term medical care, as they may require ongoing management of symptoms and potential complications.
