Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes, is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the inability of the body to produce sufficient amounts of insulin. This type of diabetes typically occurs during childhood or adolescence, although it can also develop in adults.
Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the absorption of glucose into cells for energy. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, their immune system malfunctions and mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce insulin, leading to a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream.
Typical symptoms of type 1 diabetes include increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), unexplained weight loss, constant hunger (polyphagia), blurred vision, fatigue, and slow-healing wounds or sores. If left untreated, type 1 diabetes can lead to serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, which can be life-threatening.
Management and treatment of type 1 diabetes involve daily insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump to regulate blood sugar levels. People with type 1 diabetes also need to closely monitor their diet, engage in regular physical activity, and regularly check their blood sugar levels. Continuous monitoring and adjustments in insulin dosage are required to maintain optimal blood sugar control. Collaboration with healthcare professionals, including endocrinologists and dietitians, is crucial for managing type 1 diabetes effectively and reducing the risk of long-term complications.
