"Type C Oncoviruses" is spelled as /taɪp si ˈɑːnkəʊvaɪrəsɪz/. The word "Type" is spelled as it sounds, while "C" is pronounced as /si/. "Oncoviruses" consist of three parts: "onco" which means cancer, "vi" which stands for virus, and "ruses" which is the plural suffix. The stress is on the second syllable, with a long /oʊ/ sound. Overall, the spelling of "Type C Oncoviruses" accurately represents its complex pronunciation.
Type C oncoviruses refer to a subgroup of retroviruses that have been implicated in the development of several types of cancer in animals. These oncoviruses are characterized by their ability to induce the formation of tumors in infected hosts by altering the normal growth regulation of cells. They are named "Type C" due to their characteristic properties, including the formation of a characteristic type of inclusion body called the C-type particle or "centrifugal inclusion."
Type C oncoviruses are RNA viruses that integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This allows the viral genome to be stably incorporated into the genome of the host, leading to the persistent production of viral proteins that interfere with normal cellular functions. These viral proteins can disrupt normal cell division, promote cell survival, and inhibit the body's immune response, ultimately leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
Examples of Type C oncoviruses include the Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), and the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV). These oncoviruses have been extensively studied in various animal models and have contributed significantly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development. Research on Type C oncoviruses has also led to the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies targeting these viruses, which have shown promise in the prevention and treatment of certain viral-induced cancers in animals.