TUBERCULOSIS VACCINES Meaning and
Definition
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Tuberculosis vaccines are immunizations designed to prevent infection and reduce the severity of tuberculosis (TB), a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These vaccines are developed to stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and respond to the specific antigens found in the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis.
The most commonly used tuberculosis vaccine is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which is named after the bacterium from which it is derived. BCG is a live attenuated vaccine that is administered through a small injection, typically given at birth or during childhood in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. BCG vaccine has been proven to provide some level of protection against severe forms of TB, such as disseminated TB in infants and childhood meningitis caused by TB.
However, BCG vaccine has variable efficacy in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis, which is the most common form of the disease. As tuberculosis remains a significant global health issue, researchers have been working on developing new and more effective tuberculosis vaccines. These newer vaccines aim to provide improved protection against the primary form of the disease and enhance the immune response to TB bacteria.
Promising candidates for new tuberculosis vaccines are currently in different stages of development and clinical trials. These vaccines use novel approaches, including recombinant protein subunits, viral vectors, or DNA-based platforms. The goal is to develop vaccines that are not only more effective in preventing TB infection but also capable of providing long-lasting immunity and reducing the risk of disease transmission.
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Etymology of TUBERCULOSIS VACCINES
The term "Tuberculosis vaccines" can be broken down into two parts: "tuberculosis" and "vaccines".
1. Tuberculosis: The word "tuberculosis" comes from the Latin term "tuberculum", meaning a small swelling or pimple, and the Greek term "osis", meaning disease. The term was originally coined in the late 18th century by a German physician, Johann Georg Schönlein. It is a combination of the Latin and Greek roots to describe the characteristic tubercles or small nodules that form in the tissues affected by the disease.
2. Vaccines: The word "vaccines" has its roots in Latin as well. It is derived from the Latin term "vacca", meaning cow. The term was first used by Edward Jenner, an English physician, when he discovered that inoculating people with cowpox could protect them against smallpox.
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