True vipers, scientifically known as Viperinae, are a subfamily of venomous snakes belonging to the family Viperidae. These snakes are widespread and can be found in various regions across the world, with the highest diversity found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. They are characterized by their distinctive venom delivery system, which includes hinged fangs that fold back when not in use and enable them to inject venom into their prey during a strike.
In terms of physical appearance, true vipers typically possess stout bodies, broad and flattened heads, and vertically elliptical pupils. They also have heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils, which aid in detecting warm-blooded prey. Most species are terrestrial and well-adapted to a wide range of habitats, including grasslands, forests, rocky areas, and deserts.
The venom of true vipers is highly potent and serves a dual purpose: immobilizing prey and aiding in self-defense. Their venom contains a mix of enzymes, peptides, and toxins that affect different biological systems, causing severe pain, tissue destruction, and potentially lethal effects. Nevertheless, true vipers are not typically aggressive towards humans unless threatened or provoked.
Behaviorally, these snakes are known to be ambush predators, patiently waiting for suitable prey to pass by. They primarily feed on small mammals, birds, lizards, and sometimes other snakes. True vipers possess remarkable camouflage that helps them blend into their surroundings, enhancing their ability to ambush prey.
In conclusion, true vipers are a diverse group of venomous snakes known for their distinctive venom delivery system, stout bodies, broad heads, and heat-sensing pits. They are adaptable predators that rely on camouflage and ambush techniques to capture their prey. While they possess potent venom for both hunting and
