The spelling of the word "tRNAArg" is derived from its pronunciation. The "t" stands for transfer, while "RNA" is an acronym for ribonucleic acid. The "Arg" at the end refers to the amino acid arginine. The pronunciation is in IPA phonetic transcription as /tɛəˈɑrɪneɪˌɑrɡɪ/, with each letter representing a sound in the word. This sequence of letters represents a transfer RNA molecule carrying the amino acid arginine. Arginine is an essential component for building proteins in the body.
tRNAArg, also known as arginine transfer RNA, is a type of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule that specifically carries the amino acid arginine to the ribosome during protein synthesis. It is one of the many different types of tRNA molecules that exist in cells and plays a crucial role in the accurate translation of genetic information from DNA to protein.
tRNAArg is a single-stranded RNA molecule consisting of approximately 70-90 nucleotides. It possesses a unique three-dimensional shape due to its specific base pairing interactions, resulting in a characteristic cloverleaf structure. One end of the tRNAArg molecule contains an anticodon sequence, which is complementary to a specific codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA) template. This region of the tRNA allows for the recognition and binding of the corresponding mRNA codon through hydrogen bonding, ensuring the accurate positioning of the arginine amino acid during protein synthesis.
The other end of tRNAArg carries the arginine molecule, which is covalently attached to a terminal adenosine residue through an aminoacyl bond. This attachment occurs through a specific enzyme called arginyl-tRNA synthetase, which couples arginine to tRNAArg in a process known as aminoacylation or charging.
During translation, tRNAArg interacts with the ribosome, a complex molecular machine that facilitates the reading and assembly of amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain. By delivering the correct amino acid in response to the mRNA codon, tRNAArg ensures the precise incorporation of arginine at the appropriate position in the nascent protein.
The etymology of the word "tRNAArg" can be broken down as follows:
1. tRNA: tRNA stands for Transfer Ribonucleic Acid. It is a type of RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. The "t" in tRNA refers to its small size compared to other types of RNA.
2. Arg: "Arg" is short for Arginine, which is an amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and each one is specified by a corresponding codon in the DNA or RNA sequence.
When combined, "tRNAArg" refers to the specific transfer RNA molecule that carries the amino acid Arginine during protein synthesis.