Trifoliate orange, scientifically known as Poncirus trifoliata, is a small deciduous tree belonging to the Rutaceae family. Its name is derived from the distinctive trifoliate leaves that consist of three leaflets. This plant is native to eastern Asia, specifically China and Korea, but has been widely cultivated and naturalized in other regions around the world.
Trifoliate orange is recognized for its hardy nature, tolerance to diverse soil types, and its ability to grow in various climate conditions. It typically reaches a height of 3 to 5 meters, featuring an angular and thorny stem. The leaves are dark green and glossy, with ovate leaflets possessing finely serrated edges. In spring, this tree produces fragrant white flowers, and during autumn, it bears edible, round, or oval-shaped fruits that resemble small oranges. However, despite its resemblance to common oranges, these fruits are highly acidic and inedible for humans when consumed raw, while they may be used to make marmalades or preserves.
The trifoliate orange is primarily cultivated as a rootstock for several citrus varieties due to its resistance to pests, diseases, and various soil-borne pathogens. It is particularly favored for grafting citrus trees because of its hardy root system. Additionally, it is also used as an ornamental plant, appreciated for its aesthetic value and ability to create impenetrable hedges. The extract from its fruits and bark has been used in traditional medicine for its potential medicinal properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
In summary, trifoliate orange is a thorny, deciduous tree native to Asia, characterized by its trifoliate leaves, acidic fruit, and hardiness. It serves as a valuable rootstock for grafting
