Tricyclic antidepressive agents, also known as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), are a class of medications primarily used to treat depression and mood disorders. They are called tricyclic because of their three-ring chemical structure, which distinguishes them from other types of antidepressant medications.
TCAs work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, in the brain. By doing so, they can help alleviate symptoms of depression, including low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, and disturbed sleep patterns.
Apart from depression, TCAs may also be prescribed to treat other conditions, including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic pain, neuropathic pain, and some types of eating disorders.
Despite their effectiveness in managing mental health conditions, TCAs are known to have several side effects, which can vary from person to person. Common side effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness, weight gain, and sexual dysfunction. They can also cause more serious effects, such as changes in heart rhythm, so it is important to be monitored closely by a healthcare professional while taking TCAs.
Due to the potential for side effects and interactions with other medications, TCAs are typically prescribed under careful supervision and after considering individual patient needs. Modern antidepressant classes, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are often preferred as first-line treatments for depression due to their better tolerability and safety profiles.
