The term "tree of heaven" refers to a deciduous tree species scientifically known as Ailanthus altissima. Native to parts of China and Taiwan, the tree of heaven has been widely introduced and naturalized in various regions around the world. It earned its common name due to its ability to vigorously and rapidly grow, reaching impressive heights of up to 80 feet (24 meters) with a wide, spreading canopy resembling a giant tree.
Tree of heaven is known for its distinctive characteristics. Its pinnately compound leaves, alternating along its stems, consist of 10 to 41 leaflets that emit a pungent odor when bruised or crushed. The bark of the tree of heaven is smooth and grayish brown, developing shallow fissures as it ages. Inconspicuous flowers, arranged in panicles, bloom during the summer, followed by clusters of winged seeds that are dispersed by wind.
While the tree of heaven has been appreciated for its ornamental value in landscaping due to its rapid growth and attractive foliage, it has become invasive in many countries. Its ability to adapt to various conditions and aggressive spreading through suckers and vigorous seed production have made it a problematic species, outcompeting native vegetation and impacting biodiversity.
Additionally, the tree of heaven has properties that contribute to its significance in traditional medicine. Components derived from its bark, roots, and leaves have been utilized in various herbal remedies for ailments including dysentery, asthma, and digestive disorders in certain traditional medicinal practices.
