TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE Meaning and
Definition
-
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance refers to the transmission of changes in gene expression patterns or cellular properties from one generation to the next, which are not attributed to alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetics involves modifications to the structure of DNA and the proteins associated with it that can affect gene activity without modifying the underlying genetic code. These modifications can be influenced by diverse environmental factors such as diet, stress, and exposure to toxins.
In transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, these modifications are passed down from parent to offspring, potentially leading to altered phenotypes or disease susceptibility in subsequent generations. Unlike mutations or genetic variations that occur through changes in the DNA sequence, epigenetic modifications can be reversible and dynamic, hence providing a mechanism for rapid adaptation to environmental changes without requiring genetic mutations.
The exact mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance are not yet fully understood, but research suggests that it involves the transmission of epigenetic marks in sperm or eggs, or through signals transmitted from parental somatic cells to the germ cells. These marks can then influence gene expression and cellular function in the offspring, potentially affecting their development and health.
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance has been observed in various organisms, including plants, animals, and even humans. It has important implications for understanding the interplay between genetics and environmental factors in shaping phenotypes, and it expands our understanding of heritability beyond solely genetic inheritance.
