Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a therapeutic technique that involves the use of low-voltage electrical currents to stimulate sensory nerves through the skin. The term "transcutaneous" refers to the application of stimuli through the skin, while "electrical" signifies the use of electrical currents, and "nerve stimulation" refers to the targeted activation of nerves.
TENS devices consist of a portable unit connected to electrodes that are placed on the surface of the skin, typically near the area of pain or discomfort. When the device is activated, it delivers controlled pulses of electrical current to the nerves, thereby stimulating sensory pathways. These stimuli are believed to work by interrupting the transmission of pain signals and promoting the secretion of endorphins, the body's natural pain-relieving chemicals.
TENS is primarily used as a non-invasive, drug-free method for pain relief. It is commonly employed to alleviate various types of acute and chronic pain, including musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain. TENS may also be utilized to manage pain during labor and delivery, postoperative recovery, and physical therapy sessions. Furthermore, TENS can aid in reducing muscle tension, improving blood flow, and promoting relaxation.
Despite its widespread use, the precise mechanisms of action behind TENS remain under investigation, and its effectiveness varies among individuals. However, TENS is generally regarded as a safe therapy with minimal side effects, such as skin irritation or tingling sensations. Medical professionals typically assess the patient's condition and determine the appropriate parameters for TENS application, including intensity, frequency, and duration of treatment.
