Trans-retinoic acid, also known as tretinoin, is a chemical compound that belongs to the retinoid family. "Trans" refers to the geometric isomerism of the compound, where the hydrogen atoms are located on opposite sides of the double bond. It is a naturally occurring derivative of vitamin A, which plays a crucial role in various biological processes.
Trans-retinoic acid is commonly used in dermatology for its therapeutic effects on the skin. It is known for its ability to reduce the appearance of acne, fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation. This compound functions by increasing skin cell turnover and exfoliation, unclogging pores, and promoting the growth of new, healthier skin cells.
Furthermore, trans-retinoic acid has been found to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation, making it an effective treatment for certain types of cancer, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It induces cellular differentiation and subsequently leads to the inhibition of cancer cell growth.
When used as a medication, trans-retinoic acid is typically applied topically in the form of a cream or gel, or taken orally in pill form. However, it is important to note that due to its potency, it should be used under medical supervision and with caution to avoid potential side effects, including skin dryness, redness, peeling, and increased sensitivity to sunlight.
In conclusion, trans-retinoic acid is a naturally occurring compound derived from vitamin A that exhibits a wide range of therapeutic effects on the skin and is also used for the treatment of certain types of cancer.
