Pronunciation: [tɹˈɑːli] (IPA) 
The word "TRALI" is spelled as /tɹeɪli/. The IPA phonetic transcription helps to understand the pronunciation of each letter in the word. The first letter "t" is pronounced as "tuh". The letter "r" is pronounced as "ruh" with a slight flick of the tongue. The letter "a" is pronounced as "ey" and the letter "l" is pronounced as "luh". The second "i" in the word is silent. Overall, the word "TRALI" is pronounced as "tuh-ruh-ey-luh".
TRALI stands for Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury. It is a medical condition characterized by the sudden onset of severe respiratory distress shortly after receiving a blood transfusion. TRALI is considered a potentially life-threatening complication of blood transfusions and may require urgent medical intervention.
The condition is believed to result from an immunological reaction in response to certain antibodies present in donor plasma. When these antibodies interact with the patient's white blood cells or pulmonary endothelial cells, they trigger an inflammatory response in the lungs. This process can lead to the accumulation of fluid in the air sacs, causing sudden and severe difficulty in breathing.
Symptoms of TRALI typically manifest within the first six hours after transfusion and may include rapid breathing, bluish skin or lips (cyanosis), low blood pressure, and frothy pinkish sputum. The diagnosis of TRALI involves ruling out other possible causes of acute respiratory distress and requires a detailed medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.
Immediate treatment of TRALI focuses on supporting respiratory function and maintaining adequate oxygenation. Patients may require supplemental oxygen, noninvasive ventilation, or mechanical ventilation in severe cases. Intravenous fluids and medications may also be administered to stabilize blood pressure and decrease inflammation.
Preventive measures to reduce the risk of TRALI include screening blood donors for potential antibodies associated with the condition, using male donors or females who have never been pregnant if possible, and avoiding plasma-rich blood components from female donors with a history of pregnancy. Strict adherence to screening and transfusion protocols has significantly reduced the incidence of TRALI in recent years.
