Trace minerals, also known as microminerals, are essential nutrients that the human body requires in small quantities to maintain optimal health and normal bodily functions. These minerals are called "trace" because they are only needed in minute amounts, usually measured in milligrams or micrograms, compared to macrominerals which are required in larger quantities.
Trace minerals include a diverse range of elements such as iron, copper, zinc, selenium, chromium, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, and fluoride, among others. These minerals are found in various foods, including both plant and animal sources.
Although they are only present in small quantities, trace minerals play crucial roles in several bodily functions. For example, iron is essential for the formation of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Zinc is involved in immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis, while selenium acts as an antioxidant. Copper is required for the production of energy, and iodine is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Deficiencies or imbalances of trace minerals can lead to various health problems. For instance, iron deficiency can result in anemia, while insufficient iodine intake can cause thyroid disorders. On the other hand, excessive intake of certain trace minerals can also be harmful.
Given their importance, it is crucial to ensure an adequate intake of trace minerals through a well-balanced diet. However, in some cases, supplementation may be necessary, especially if dietary intake alone is insufficient in meeting individual needs.
