Toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the roundworms of the Toxocara species. These worms primarily infect dogs and cats, but can also affect humans, especially children. The infection occurs when humans accidentally ingest the eggs of the Toxocara worms, commonly found in soil or contaminated food and water.
Once inside the human body, the Toxocara larvae migrate through various tissues leading to a wide range of symptoms. In many cases, the infection is asymptomatic or causes mild symptoms that may include fever, cough, fatigue, and abdominal pain. However, if the larvae invade sensitive organs such as the liver, lungs, or eyes, more severe symptoms can occur.
Toxocariasis is classified into two main forms: visceral and ocular. Visceral toxocariasis typically affects the liver, lungs, and other internal organs. Symptoms may include hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), respiratory issues, and eosinophilia (elevated eosinophil count). Ocular toxocariasis, on the other hand, affects the eyes and can lead to vision loss, retinal damage, and inflammation.
Diagnosing toxocariasis usually involves a combination of clinical symptoms, blood tests, and imaging studies. Treatment often includes medications to kill the parasites and manage the symptoms. Anthelmintic drugs, such as albendazole or mebendazole, are commonly prescribed.
Prevention of toxocariasis primarily involves practicing good personal hygiene, including regular handwashing, avoiding contact with soil contaminated by animal feces, and deworming pets regularly. Public education about the risks of toxocariasis and proper pet care can also play a significant role in prevention efforts.
In conclusion, toxocariasis is
