How Do You Spell TOXIC HEMOGLOBINURIA?

Pronunciation: [tˈɒksɪk hˌiːməɡlˌɒbɪnjˈʊɹi͡ə] (IPA)

Toxic hemoglobinuria refers to the presence of hemoglobin in the urine due to the breakdown of red blood cells caused by toxins. The word is comprised of four syllables, with the stress on the third syllable. The spelling can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as /ˈtɒksɪk hɪˌmoʊɡləbɪˈnjʊərɪə/, where each symbol represents a different sound. The pronunciation is roughly "TOK-sick hi-moh-gluh-bin-YOO-ree-uh". Proper spelling and pronunciation are important in medical terminology to ensure accurate communication among healthcare professionals.

TOXIC HEMOGLOBINURIA Meaning and Definition

1. Toxic hemoglobinuria, also known as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), is a rare blood disorder characterized by the spontaneous destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis) due to an abnormality in the cell membrane that renders the cells sensitive to the immune system's attack.

   This condition leads to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream, resulting in red or brown-colored urine and anemia. The hemoglobinuria occurs mainly during the night or early morning, hence the term "paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria."

   The abnormality in PNH is caused by a mutation in the PIG-A gene, which affects the production of certain proteins responsible for attaching protective proteins to the cell membrane, particularly those that regulate the immune system's response. Consequently, affected individuals have weakened red blood cells that are more susceptible to being targeted and destroyed by the body's immune system.

   Symptoms of toxic hemoglobinuria may also include fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, abdominal pain, and blood clots. The severity of the condition can vary, ranging from mild to life-threatening, depending on the extent of red blood cell destruction and associated complications.

   Although there is no cure for toxic hemoglobinuria, treatment options aim to manage symptoms and complications. Medications such as eculizumab may be prescribed to prevent hemolysis and reduce the risk of blood clots. Blood transfusions and iron supplements may also be necessary to counteract anemia. In severe cases, a bone marrow transplant may be considered. Regular monitoring and follow-up with a hematologist is crucial to manage the ongoing impact of toxic hemoglobinuria and optimize the individual's quality of life.

2. H. occurring after the ingestion of various poisons, in certain blood diseases, and in the course of certain infections.

   A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.

Common Misspellings for TOXIC HEMOGLOBINURIA

• twoxichemoglobinuria
• tooxichemoglobinuria
• t oxic hemoglobinuria
• to xic hemoglobinuria
• tox ic hemoglobinuria
• toxi c hemoglobinuria
• toxic h emoglobinuria
• toxic he moglobinuria
• toxic hem oglobinuria
• toxic hemo globinuria
• toxic hemog lobinuria
• toxic hemogl obinuria
• toxic hemoglo binuria
• toxic hemoglob inuria
• toxic hemoglobi nuria
• toxic hemoglobin uria
• toxic hemoglobinu ria
• toxic hemoglobinur ia
• toxic hemoglobinuri a

Etymology of TOXIC HEMOGLOBINURIA

The word "toxic hemoglobinuria" does not seem to have a specific etymology as it is a medical term that combines existing words to describe a specific condition. Here is a breakdown of the components:

1. Toxic: Derived from the Greek word "toxikon", meaning poison or venom. It refers to substances that are harmful and can cause damage or illness.

2. Hemoglobinuria: A compound word consisting of "hemoglobin" and "uria".

- Hemoglobin: From the Greek words "haima" meaning blood, and "globin" meaning globular protein. It refers to the complex protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

- Ur- or uri-: A combining form used to denote urine or related to urine.

- Uria: A suffix used in medical terminology to indicate the presence of a substance in the urine.