Total vocal cord paralysis refers to the complete loss of movement and function in both vocal cords, leading to a total inability to produce sound or speak. The vocal cords, located within the larynx or voice box, are two muscular folds covered in delicate mucous membranes. They play a crucial role in speech and voice production by vibrating and modifying airflow as we breathe out.
Total vocal cord paralysis occurs when both vocal cords are unable to move or close properly. This condition may result from various causes, such as damage to the nerves supplying the vocal cords or the muscles themselves. Nerves controlling the vocal cords can be injured or affected by conditions like viral infections, lung cancer, thyroid or neck surgery, or trauma to the neck area. In some cases, the cause could be unknown (idiopathic).
Individuals with total vocal cord paralysis experience significant difficulties in communication as they are unable to produce any vocal sounds. The condition usually presents with symptoms like weak or hoarse voice, breathy voice quality, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath. Treatment options may include voice therapy, speech therapy, or in some cases, surgical intervention to re-position or reinnervate the vocal cords to restore function.
Total vocal cord paralysis impacts not only communication but also affects the quality of life and overall well-being of individuals. It necessitates the need for multidisciplinary care from speech-language pathologists, otolaryngologists, and other medical professionals to manage the condition effectively and improve communication abilities.
