Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) refers to the number of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, present in a given volume of blood. Lymphocytes are an essential component of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending the body against infections and diseases. They are primarily responsible for recognizing and eliminating foreign substances, such as viruses, bacteria, and abnormal cells.
A TLC test is commonly conducted through a blood sample and is measured as the total number of lymphocytes per microliter (μL) or cubic millimeter (mm³) of blood. The count is usually obtained using an automated hematology analyzer, which provides an accurate and precise measurement.
TLC serves as a fundamental indicator of an individual's immune function and overall health status. Changes in the total lymphocyte count may indicate various medical conditions, such as viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency diseases, or certain cancers. Additionally, certain medications, stress, and nutritional deficiencies can also affect TLC levels.
The reference range for a TLC can vary depending on the laboratory conducting the analysis and the patient's age. However, a typical healthy adult range is considered to be between 1,000 and 4,800 lymphocytes per microliter of blood. A high TLC may suggest an overactive immune response, while a low TLC can indicate a compromised immune system. Further diagnostic tests and medical evaluation are usually required to determine the underlying cause of abnormal TLC results.
