Total body irradiation (TBI) refers to a medical procedure in which a high dose of radiation is administered to the entire body. It is commonly used as a preparatory step in various forms of bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, as it effectively destroys malignant cells, suppresses the patient's immune system, and creates space for new healthy cells to be introduced.
During TBI, the patient is usually positioned on a treatment table, and a machine emitting powerful X-rays or gamma rays is used to deliver radiation to the entire body. The dose and duration of the radiation exposure are carefully calculated based on the patient's specific condition and treatment protocol. Personal protective measures, such as lead shielding, may be used to minimize radiation exposure to specific areas of the body, such as the lungs, heart, and reproductive organs.
Although total body irradiation is an integral part of the transplantation process, it comes with potential side effects and risks. These can include damage to normal cells and tissues, temporary or permanent infertility, risk of secondary cancers, and complications related to the suppression of the immune system.
Overall, total body irradiation is a treatment modality that plays a vital role in preparing patients for bone marrow or stem cell transplantation. It aims to eradicate malignant cells, prevent rejection of transplanted cells, and increase the likelihood of successful transplantation and disease remission. Its implementation requires careful consideration of the risks and benefits in each individual case.
