TONE CLUSTER Meaning and
Definition
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A tone cluster refers to a dissonant and tightly packed grouping of consecutive pitches in a musical composition. It is characterized by the simultaneous sounding of multiple adjacent notes or tones, creating a dense and harsh texture. Tone clusters typically consist of odd-numbered and even-numbered pitches, such as clusters formed by three or four adjacent keys on a piano keyboard.
The dissonance produced by a tone cluster results from the clash of pitches, which can create a sense of tension and unease. Tone clusters can be found in various genres, including contemporary classical music, avant-garde compositions, and experimental jazz. They are often used to evoke a sense of chaos, intensity, or abruptness, pushing the boundaries of traditional tonal harmony.
Tone clusters can be produced by striking multiple keys simultaneously on a piano, by using various techniques on other instruments or electronic devices, or even by vocalists. Composers may specify the exact pitches and instrument(s) to be used, or they may leave it up to the performer's discretion. The use of tone clusters in music can be traced back to the early 20th century, with composers like Arnold Schoenberg and Charles Ives being notable pioneers in its exploration and incorporation into their compositions.
The effect of a tone cluster can vary depending on the context and the surrounding musical elements. While it may initially create a dissonant and jarring sound, its resolution or subsequent movement can contribute to the overall expressiveness and impact of a piece, resulting in a powerful and striking musical experience.
Etymology of TONE CLUSTER
The word "tone cluster" comes from the combination of two separate etymologies.
1. "Tone" derives from the Latin word "tonus" meaning "sound" or "tone". It has been used in music terminology for centuries to refer to a specific pitch or sound produced by an instrument or the human voice.
2. "Cluster" comes from the Latin word "clustrum" meaning "bunch" or "group". In music, a cluster refers to a collection of adjacent pitches played simultaneously, creating a dense and dissonant sound.
Therefore, "tone cluster" essentially refers to a group of adjacent pitches played together, producing a dissonant sound.
