Pronunciation: [tə fˈʊl] (IPA) 
The phrase "to full" is spelled with two separate words - "to" and "full". In IPA phonetic transcription, it is pronounced as /tu fʊl/. The first syllable "to" is pronounced with a short "u" sound as in "cup", while the second syllable "full" is pronounced with the vowel sound as in "book" and with a clear "l" sound at the end. This phrase means to completely fill something to its maximum capacity.
To full is a verb that primarily refers to the process of thickening or shrinking a fabric by using various methods such as heat, moisture, and pressure, to create a denser and more compact material. This technique is commonly practiced in the textile industry.
When using the process of fulling, a fabric is wetted thoroughly and then subjected to friction, rolling, or beating. The combination of these actions causes the fibers within the fabric to mat together, resulting in a tighter weave. This process can lead to a reduction in size as the fabric compresses, becoming more resistant to shrinkage and producing a more durable final product.
Historically, fulling was a vital step in the production of woolen garments, as it helped to remove impurities and improve the texture of the fabric. Additionally, fulling allowed for better dye absorption and enhanced the overall appearance of the material. Nowadays, fulling is less common due to advances in fabric manufacturing techniques, but it still has its place in traditional and artisanal textile production.
In summary, to full is the action of thickening and shrinking a fabric by subjecting it to various treatments such as wetting, friction, and pressure, resulting in a denser and more compact material that is less prone to shrinkage and possesses improved qualities such as durability, texture, and appearance.
The word "to full" derives from the Old English verb "fyllan", meaning "to fill". Over time, the pronunciation and spelling evolved, and the verb developed various senses. In the context of cloth and textiles, "to full" specifically refers to the process of shrinking and thickening the fabric by subjecting it to moisture, heat, and pressure. This technique was commonly used in the production of woolen fabrics during the Middle Ages.
