Tirthankaras are highly revered religious figures in Jainism, an ancient Indian religion emphasizing non-violence, truth, and spiritual liberation. The term "tirthankara" translates to "ford-maker" or "crossing-maker," symbolizing their role in leading individuals across the cycle of birth and death to attain liberation or moksha.
According to Jainism, there have been 24 tirthankaras in each era or cosmic cycle, with the current era being considered the avasarpini era. These enlightened beings are believed to have achieved a state of absolute knowledge and perfection, known as kevala jnana, through self-discipline, intense meditation, and renunciation of worldly attachments.
Tirthankaras play a significant role in Jain theology as they serve as ideal role models for followers. Their teachings, known as tirthankara sutras, reveal the path to spiritual enlightenment. The principal teachings of all tirthankaras revolve around the concept of ahimsa or non-violence, which includes not causing harm to any living being, be it physically, mentally, or verbally.
Jain scriptures depict tirthankaras with unique physical attributes and symbols, such as elongated earlobes, triple umbrella-like structures, and symbols of bravery and spiritual conquest like the swastika and the hand-weapon. Tirthankaras are also seen as exemplar teachers, guiding spiritual seekers towards attaining liberation and breaking the cycle of reincarnation.
Devotees of Jainism hold great reverence for tirthankaras, often organizing religious festivals and elaborate rituals to celebrate their birth anniversaries, known as Janma Kalyanak. These commemorative events mark the occasion of their arrival on Earth and are important in reinforcing the teachings and values they
