The word "thyroid cancer" is spelled /ˈθaɪ.rɔɪd ˈkæn.sər/ in IPA phonetic transcription. It is important to note that the "th" sound in "thyroid" is pronounced with the tip of the tongue between the teeth, and the "r" sound is lightly trilled in some English dialects. The "an" sound in "cancer" is pronounced with the mouth open slightly wider than the "a" in "cat", and the emphasis is on the second syllable. This type of cancer affects the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck.
Thyroid cancer is a malignant neoplasm or cancerous growth that develops in the cells of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the base of the neck and is responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body's metabolism, growth, and development.
Thyroid cancer occurs when the normal cells in the thyroid gland undergo genetic mutations, causing them to grow and divide uncontrollably. These abnormal cells accumulate to form a tumor in the thyroid gland. There are several types of thyroid cancer, including papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma.
The most common type of thyroid cancer is papillary carcinoma, accounting for about 80% of all cases. It typically grows slowly and is often curable, especially when diagnosed at an early stage. Follicular carcinoma is less common but still treatable. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is more aggressive and originates from the thyroid's C cells. Anaplastic carcinoma is the rarest and most aggressive form, spreading quickly to nearby tissues and organs.
Symptoms of thyroid cancer may include a lump or swelling in the neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, enlarged lymph nodes, and persistent coughing. Treatment options for thyroid cancer depend on the type, stage, and individual circumstances but generally include surgery to remove the malignant cells, radioactive iodine therapy, external beam radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapy.
Regular screenings, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment play a crucial role in managing thyroid cancer effectively, often leading to favorable outcomes and survival rates.
The word "thyroid" originates from the Greek word "thureos", meaning "shield-like". This is because the thyroid gland, located in the neck, is shaped like a shield. "Cancer", on the other hand, comes from the Latin word "cancer", which means "crab". This term was used to describe tumors due to their crab-like shape and tendency to spread. So, when combined, "thyroid cancer" refers to the development of malignant tumors in the thyroid gland.