Thyramine is a naturally occurring biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter and hormone regulator in the body. It is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and is found in several foods, especially those that have undergone fermentation or aging processes.
In the human body, thyramine functions as a vasoconstrictor, meaning it constricts blood vessels, leading to a rise in blood pressure. This effect occurs when thyramine displaces norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter responsible for regulating blood vessel diameter. As a result, the release of norepinephrine is increased, leading to vasoconstriction.
Thyramine is also known for its potential to trigger migraines and cause adverse reactions in individuals who are sensitive to it. Some people lack the enzymes necessary for metabolizing thyramine, leading to its accumulation in the bloodstream. This can cause a sudden release of norepinephrine and subsequent blood vessel constriction, resulting in migraines or other symptoms like rapid heartbeat, hypertension, and anxiety.
Foods rich in thyramine include aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented foods, certain fruits (such as avocados, bananas, and citrus fruits), soy products, and alcoholic beverages. Individuals who are sensitive to thyramine may need to limit their intake of these foods to avoid triggering adverse effects.
In summary, thyramine is a biogenic amine derived from tyrosine that acts as a neurotransmitter and regulates blood pressure. Although it plays important physiological roles, its consumption in high amounts can lead to adverse effects, particularly in individuals who are sensitive to it.
