Three Day Sickness, also known as bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), is a viral disease primarily affecting cattle. This condition is caused by the bovine ephemeral fever virus, a member of the family Rhabdoviridae. The name "Three Day Sickness" refers to the characteristic duration of the clinical signs associated with this illness.
Symptoms typically develop 1-3 days after infection and persist for approximately 3-6 days. Affected animals may exhibit fever, depression, reduced appetite, and stiffness in their movements. They may also display lameness, reluctance to move, and muscle tremors. In some cases, swelling and pain may be observed in the joints, resulting in a stiff gait. Cattle will usually recover without specific treatment, but care should be provided to ensure their comfort and welfare during this period.
Three Day Sickness primarily spreads through arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes and biting midges. Consequently, its prevalence may be influenced by seasonal and environmental factors that favor insect populations. The virus can be transmitted between animals through direct contact with infected secretions or indirectly via contaminated objects or surfaces.
Prevention of Three Day Sickness primarily involves implementing measures to limit insect contact and protect cattle from potential vector-borne transmission. This can include using insecticides, insect-proof housing, or applying protective clothing to livestock. Vaccination is also available, offering effective protection against the disease and minimizing its impact on individual animals and herds.
