The third eyelid is a thin membrane that moistens and protects the eyes of birds, reptiles, and certain mammals. The spelling of this term can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet. The first syllable "thœr" is pronounced with the voiced dental fricative [ð] followed by an open-mid front rounded vowel [œ]. The second syllable "eyel-" includes the diphthong [aɪ] and a voiced alveolar lateral approximant [l]. The final syllable "-id" is pronounced with the voiceless alveolar plosive [t] and a high front vowel [i]. All together, it is pronounced as "thœrdeye-lid."
The term "third eyelid" refers to a protective membrane found in the inner corner of the eyes of certain animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and some fish. Also known as the nictitating membrane or haw, it is a thin sheet of tissue that covers and moves across the eye's surface.
Functionally, the third eyelid plays several important roles in protecting and maintaining the health of the eye. It helps to provide an additional layer of protection against external irritants such as dust, debris, or harmful substances. By blinking and covering the cornea, it helps to keep the eye moist and lubricated, preventing dryness and discomfort.
Furthermore, the third eyelid assists in distributing tears across the eye's surface, aiding in the removal of foreign particles. It can act as a shield during activities like swimming, hunting, or flying, preventing potential injury to the delicate structures of the eye. Additionally, it acts as a barrier against excessive light, reducing glare and protecting the eye from harmful ultraviolet rays.
The movement of the third eyelid varies among different species. In some animals, it can be voluntarily controlled, while in others, it is regulated involuntarily through the contraction of specialized muscles. The prominence and visibility of the third eyelid also vary across species, with some having a partially or fully hidden membrane.
In summary, the third eyelid is a protective membrane in animals that serves various functions, including shielding the eye from external elements, aiding in lubrication and distribution of tears, and reducing excessive light exposure.
The term "third eyelid" is derived from Latin and Greek roots.
The Latin word "tertius" means "third", while "oculus" means "eye". In Latin, the term "tertius oculus" referred to a third or extra eye that some animals possess.
In Greek, the word "eyelid" is "blepharon" (βλέφαρον). When combined with the Latin term for "third", the word "tertius blepharon" was created, which ultimately evolved into "third eyelid".
The concept of the third eyelid comes from the fact that certain animals, including many mammals, birds, reptiles, and certain fish, possess a translucent membrane or fold of conjunctiva that partially covers the eye. It can move across the eye for protection or moisture distribution, hence being referred to as the "third eyelid".