THERMIDORIAN REACTION Meaning and
Definition
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Thermidorian reaction refers to a concept originating from the French Revolution and is often used in historical and political contexts. The term derives from the events of the 9th Thermidor (27th July) in 1794, when Maximilien Robespierre, one of the most prominent figures of the radical Jacobin faction, was overthrown and executed. This event marked the end of the Reign of Terror, a period characterized by mass executions and severe repression. The Thermidorian reaction, therefore, symbolizes a significant turning point, signifying the reversal of a radical and repressive regime.
In a broader sense, Thermidorian reaction refers to any political or social change that occurs after a period of intense revolutionary fervor, characterized by a shift towards more moderate, conservative, or reactionary policies. It is often associated with a decline in revolutionary ideals and radicalism, as well as a desire for stability and a return to more traditional values. This concept can be helpful in analyzing historical and political incidents beyond the French Revolution, as it captures the common cycle of revolutionary fervor followed by a more conservative backlash.
The term "Thermidorian reaction" is particularly useful in understanding the dynamics of political revolutions and their aftermath, highlighting the complexities and contradictions inherent in revolutionary movements. It reminds us that periods of intense upheaval are often followed by a swing towards more conservative policies and a consolidation of power, which can result in a reestablishment of old or oppressive social structures.
Etymology of THERMIDORIAN REACTION
The term "Thermidorian Reaction" has its roots in the French Revolution and derives its name from the month of Thermidor in the French Republican calendar.
In 1793, the Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre, governed France during the radical phase of the Revolution known as the Reign of Terror. It was a period of intense violence and repression, where thousands of people were executed or imprisoned for their alleged counter-revolutionary activities.
However, by 1794, there was growing opposition to the Committee's radical and authoritarian methods. On July 27th, 1794, corresponding to the ninth day of the month of Thermidor in the Republican calendar, Robespierre and his associates were arrested and executed, marking the end of the Reign of Terror.
The Thermidorian Reaction refers to the political shift that occurred after Robespierre's fall from power.
