The sound barrier is a term used to describe the physical phenomenon of a sudden increase in air resistance experienced by an object traveling at or near the speed of sound. The spelling of this word can be explained using IPA phonetic transcription as /ðə saʊnd ˈbærɪər/. The "th" sound in "the" is represented by the IPA symbol /ð/, the "ou" sound in "sound" is represented by /aʊ/, and the "a" sound in "barrier" is represented by /æ/. Together, these sounds create the full pronunciation of the term "the sound barrier."
The sound barrier refers to a physical phenomenon encountered by an aircraft as it approaches and attempts to surpass the speed of sound. The speed of sound, also known as Mach 1, is approximately 343 meters per second or 1,125 feet per second depending on the temperature and altitude. The physical concept of the sound barrier arises due to the differences in air pressure created by an object moving through the air at high speeds.
When an aircraft travels at or near the speed of sound, a series of pressure waves called shock waves are formed. These shock waves generate a sudden increase in air pressure and temperature, resulting in a sharp decrease in aerodynamic efficiency and an increase in drag. This condition, known as transonic flight, poses challenges to aircraft design and stability.
If an aircraft can successfully overcome the aerodynamic hurdles encountered at transonic speeds and exceed the speed of sound, it is said to have broken the sound barrier. This achievement, often accompanied by a sonic boom, involves surpassing Mach 1 and entering supersonic flight. It signifies a significant advancement in aviation technology.
Breaking the sound barrier has been a significant milestone in aviation history, unlocking new possibilities and paving the way for faster travel speeds. The sound barrier remains an obstacle that engineers and aviators continue to explore and overcome, leading to advancements in both military and civilian aviation.