TGE viruses are a group of viruses that belong to the Coronaviridae family and are characterized by causing a gastrointestinal infection known as transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE). These viruses primarily affect swine, causing severe diarrhea and dehydration, which can lead to high mortality rates, especially in piglets.
TGE viruses are categorized as enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. They have a helical-shaped nucleocapsid, surrounded by a lipid envelope. The viral genome, consisting of a single-stranded RNA, encodes a variety of proteins essential for viral replication and infection.
The transmission of TGE viruses typically occurs through direct contact, inhalation of aerosolized particles, or by ingestion of contaminated food or water. The viruses can survive for extended periods in the environment, facilitating their spread among populations of pigs.
Upon infection, TGE viruses primarily target the cells lining the small intestine, leading to the destruction of these cells and subsequent compromised digestive function. This results in severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, which can prove fatal, particularly in young piglets.
Prevention and control of TGE viruses rely on strict biosecurity measures, such as quarantine, disinfection, and vaccination. Vaccines are available to provide protection against TGE viruses, although their efficacy may vary due to the genetic variability of the viral strains.
In conclusion, TGE viruses are a group of RNA viruses that primarily infect swine and cause transmissible gastroenteritis. They are characterized by their ability to cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms and high mortality rates in affected pig populations.
