Teleostei is a taxonomic group within the phylum Chordata that comprises the largest and most diverse group of bony fish. It refers to a subclass of Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes. The name "Teleostei" is derived from the Greek words "teleos," meaning complete, and "osteon," meaning bone, emphasizing the presence of an internal skeleton made of bony structures.
Characterized by their bony skeleton, teleosts exhibit a wide range of body shapes, sizes, and colors, making up approximately 96% of all fish species. They are found in various aquatic habitats, including freshwater, marine, and brackish waters. Teleosts possess a variety of adaptations, including specialized teeth, fins, and scales, suiting their ecological niche and lifestyle.
Common features of teleosts include a swim bladder that aids in maintaining buoyancy, an operculum covering their gills for efficient respiration, and the ability to reproduce through external fertilization. They possess a highly developed sensory system, including keen eyesight for detecting prey and potential risks, as well as a lateral line system for sensing vibrations and water movements.
Teleosts occupy diverse ecological roles, ranging from herbivores to carnivores, and exhibit various feeding strategies such as filter feeding, scavenging, and hunting. This adaptability has allowed teleosts to thrive in nearly every body of water on Earth, playing vital roles in aquatic ecosystems as predators, prey, and essential contributors to nutrient cycling.
Overall, teleostei represents a diverse group of bony fish that have successfully adapted to numerous ecological niches, thus making them a significant component of global biodiversity.
