Teeth grinding disorders, also known as bruxism, refer to oral parafunctional activities characterized by the involuntary grinding, clenching, or gnashing of teeth. This condition typically occurs during sleep (sleep bruxism) but can also manifest during wakefulness (awake bruxism). It is considered a multifactorial disorder influenced by various factors such as genetics, psychosocial factors, and occlusal abnormalities.
While occasional teeth grinding may not cause significant harm, chronic and severe cases can lead to harmful consequences. Common symptoms include tooth wear, chipped or cracked teeth, jaw pain, headaches, earaches, facial pain, and increased tooth sensitivity. In more severe cases, it may even lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, affecting jaw movement and causing chronic pain.
The exact causes of teeth grinding disorders are not well understood, although stress and anxiety are believed to be significant contributors. Bruxism is also associated with certain medications (such as antidepressants), sleep disorders (like sleep apnea), lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption), and misalignment of the teeth or jaws.
Treatment options for teeth grinding disorders are varied and depend on the underlying causes and severity of the condition. Common approaches include behavior modification techniques, stress management, relaxation exercises, dental devices (such as mouthguards or splints), and addressing any occlusal or dental abnormalities. In severe cases, medications may be prescribed to lessen muscle activity during sleep.
Overall, management of teeth grinding disorders requires both dental and medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs, aiming to minimize the detrimental effects on oral health and overall well-being.
