The word "tarmacs" is spelled with three syllables: /ˈtɑːmæks/. The first syllable is pronounced with a long "a" sound, followed by a short "a" sound in the second syllable. The final syllable is pronounced with a "ks" sound, spelled "-cs" in the word. This spelling reflects the origin of the word from "tar macadam," a type of road surface made from crushed stones and tar. The plural form "tarmacs" refers to multiple sections of this type of pavement, often seen at airports or military bases.
Tarmacs, also known as runways or airfields, are large paved areas specifically designed for aircraft take-off and landings. The term "tarmacs" is commonly used to refer to the surface of these areas, which are typically made of asphalt or concrete. Tarmacs are crucial components of airports, military bases, and certain other locations dedicated to aviation activities.
Primarily, tarmacs provide a safe and durable surface for aircraft movement. They are constructed to be able to withstand the weight and stresses of various types of aircraft, from small private planes to large commercial airliners. Additionally, tarmacs are typically equipped with appropriate drainage systems to prevent water accumulation and aid in weather-related conditions.
On tarmacs, aircraft utilize designated pathways, or taxiways, to access runways for take-offs and landings. These taxiways ensure organized movement of aircraft, preventing congestion and ensuring safety. Runways connected to tarmacs are constructed with specific dimensions and markings, such as threshold markings and runway numbers, to guide pilots during take-off and landing procedures.
Furthermore, tarmacs often include facilities necessary for aircraft operations, such as parking areas, refueling stations, and maintenance hangars. These auxiliary features enhance the efficiency and functionality of the tarmac.
In summary, tarmacs are large, paved surfaces purpose-built for aircraft operations, particularly take-offs and landings. They are crucial components of airports and airfields, providing safe and durable surfaces for the movement of aircraft, including taxiways and runways, as well as auxiliary facilities required for aviation activities.
The word "tarmac" is derived from "tar" and "macadam". "Tar" refers to a black, sticky substance that is byproduct of refining crude oil, commonly used for surfacing roads. "Macadam" is a method of road construction developed by a Scottish engineer named John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century. It involves laying layers of crushed stone and binding them with tar. Over time, the term "tarmac" has come to be associated specifically with the areas of an airport where airplanes park, load, and unload passengers, as these areas are typically paved with asphalt or a similar material.