Tabanids, commonly known as horse flies or deer flies, are a family of flies belonging to the insect family Tabanidae. These flies are large and robust, typically measuring between 10 to 25 millimeters in length. They are characterized by their stout bodies, large eyes, and piercing mouthparts.
Tabanids are known for their painful bite, which they use to feed on the blood of vertebrates, including humans, livestock, and wild animals. The adult females are the ones responsible for blood-feeding, as they require the nutrients for egg development. They are attracted to their hosts by the carbon dioxide and warmth generated by living bodies.
These flies are mainly active during daytime and are frequently found in areas with vegetation, such as forests, meadows, and wetlands. Their presence can be a nuisance for both humans and animals, causing irritation and sometimes allergic reactions. In addition to their feeding habits, tabanids also serve as vectors for various diseases and parasites, such as tularemia and loiasis.
Tabanids have a relatively short lifespan, typically living only a few weeks. Their reproductive cycle involves laying eggs in moist areas near bodies of water. Upon hatching, the larvae feed on organic matter before pupating and emerging as adults.
Efforts to control tabanids involve the use of insecticides, repellents, and protective clothing. Additionally, research is being conducted to develop effective methods for reducing their population and limiting their impact on humans and livestock.
