T helper factors are proteins that play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response. These factors, also known as T helper cytokines or T helper cell growth factors, are secreted by T helper cells and are responsible for coordinating and regulating various immune processes.
T helper factors are classified into different groups based on their functions and the type of immune response they promote. Some of the most common T helper factors include Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th9.
Th1 factors, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), are involved in activating cytotoxic T cells and promoting cell-mediated immune responses against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and certain bacteria. Th2 factors, including interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), promote the production of antibodies and humoral immune responses against extracellular pathogens, such as parasites and some bacteria.
Th17 factors, such as interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), mediate inflammatory responses and help eliminate extracellular bacteria and fungi. Th9 factors, such as interleukin-9 (IL-9), play a role in allergic reactions and immunity against helminth parasites.
Overall, T helper factors are critical in orchestrating the immune response by influencing the behavior of other immune cells, regulating inflammation, and promoting appropriate immune reactions against specific pathogens. The dysregulation or imbalance of T helper factors can lead to various immune-related disorders and diseases, highlighting their importance in maintaining immune homeostasis.
