Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues and organs, leading to inflammation and damage. It is a complex disease that can affect multiple systems within the body.
SLE primarily affects women, typically starting during their childbearing years. The exact cause of SLE is unknown, although it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. The immune system of individuals with SLE produces autoantibodies that mistakenly target healthy cells and tissues, leading to widespread inflammation.
Symptoms of SLE can vary widely and may affect the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, blood cells, and other organs. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint pain and swelling, a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose, sensitivity to sunlight, chest pain, shortness of breath, and cognitive impairment.
Diagnosis of SLE is often challenging due to its diverse array of symptoms and its resemblance to other autoimmune diseases. Medical professionals rely on a combination of medical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and the American College of Rheumatology criteria to confirm a diagnosis.
While there is no cure for SLE, treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent organ damage, and improve quality of life. This generally involves a multidisciplinary approach, combining medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antimalarial drugs, and lifestyle modifications, including sun protection and stress management.
Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare professionals are essential in managing SLE, as the disease can have unpredictable courses with flare-ups and periods of remission. With appropriate management, many individuals with SLE can lead fulfilling lives
