SYNCYTIAL Meaning and
Definition
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Syncytial: A term used in biology to describe a type of multi-nucleated cell or tissue that is formed by the fusion of individual cells. The term "syncytial" is derived from the Greek word "synkýtos," meaning "joined together." Syncytial cells are typically formed in certain developmental processes or as a result of certain infections.
In developmental biology, syncytial tissues are commonly found during the early stages of embryonic development. They are often observed in the formation of syncytial blastoderm, where the nuclei divide within a common cytoplasm, creating a syncytium. Syncytial blastoderm is a characteristic feature of insect embryos.
Syncytial structures can also occur during certain viral infections. Some viruses have the ability to induce cell fusion, resulting in the formation of multinucleated syncytial cells. This is especially seen in viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which primarily affects the respiratory tract.
The syncytial nature of these cells provides practical advantages for certain biological functions. For instance, syncytial tissues can effectively transport materials between cells, as it obviates the need for cell-to-cell communication or diffusion of molecules across cell membranes. Syncytial tissues can also facilitate rapid growth or amplification of signals due to their shared cytoplasm and interconnected nuclei.
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Relating to a syncytium; formed of a multinucleated protoplasmic mass without apparent division into cells.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
Etymology of SYNCYTIAL
The word "syncytial" is derived from the Greek word "synkýtos", which means "joined together" or "united". It is derived from the prefix "syn-" meaning "together" and the root word "kýtos" meaning "a hollow vessel" or "cell". In biology, "syncytial" refers to a cell or tissue structure that consists of multiple nuclei without clear cell boundaries, where several cells have fused together.
