The sustaining pedal is an essential component of a piano that allows the player to sustain or hold a note. The correct spelling of this term is /səˈsteɪnɪŋ ˈpɛdəl/ according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The first syllable is pronounced with the schwa sound, while the second syllable has a long "a" sound. The final syllable is pronounced as "duhl," but is commonly written as just "del." This spelling helps to distinguish it from other pedals, such as the soft pedal or the damper pedal.
A sustaining pedal, also known as a damper pedal, is an essential component of many musical instruments, particularly pianos. It is a foot-operated pedal located on the right side of a piano, enabling the performer to sustain, or hold, the tones produced by the instrument for a longer period than the natural decay time of the strings.
When the sustaining pedal is pressed downward with the foot, it lifts the dampers off the strings, allowing them to vibrate freely and increasing the duration of the sound. The pedal's mechanism permits the strings to continue resonating even after the pianist releases the keys, creating a sustained and rich sound. Furthermore, it produces a harmonic blending effect, as the sympathetic vibrations of other strings join in, contributing to a fuller and more resonant tone.
The sustaining pedal is widely used in various musical genres and serves different purposes depending on the composition or style being performed. It can be employed to enhance the emotion and expressiveness of a piece, providing depth and richness to the sound. Additionally, it aids in connecting melodic lines smoothly and creating a sense of continuity.
While predominantly associated with pianos, the sustaining pedal is also found in other keyboard instruments, such as electronic keyboards and organs. In these instruments, the pedal functions similarly by allowing the sustained sound to continue even after the player releases the keys, contributing to the overall musical expression.
The word "sustaining pedal" is composed of two key terms: "sustaining" and "pedal".
The term "sustain" traces back to Middle English and derives from the Latin word "sustīnēre", which can be broken down into "sub-" (meaning "up, under") and "tenēre" (meaning "to hold"). This Latin term evolved into "sustinen" in Old French and eventually became "sustain" in English. It originally carried the sense of supporting or holding up something physically.
The word "pedal" comes from the Latin term "pedālis", meaning "of the foot". It entered the English language via French in the 17th century and became associated with the foot-operated levers found in various machines and musical instruments, including the piano.