Pronunciation: [sˈɜːf skˈə͡ʊtə] (IPA) 
The correct spelling of the bird known as "surf scoter" is unique and interesting. The word "surf" is spelled with an 'f' rather than a 'ph' because it is a loanword from the Old English word "syrfe," which was pronounced with an 'f.' On the other hand, "scoter" is derived from the Norse word "skutari," which is why it is spelled with a 'c.' The IPA phonetic transcription of "surf scoter" is /sɜːrf ˈskoʊtər/.
The surf scoter, known scientifically as Melanitta perspicillata, is a medium-sized sea duck primarily found in North America. It is often recognized for its dark plumage, with males displaying a predominantly black body, a distinct white patch on their foreheads and napes, as well as bright yellow-orange knobs on their bills. Females, on the other hand, possess a more subdued appearance with a dark brown head and body, occasionally featuring subtle gray markings.
This waterfowl species is known for its specialization in foraging and diving for food, particularly benthic invertebrates like mollusks and crustaceans available in coastal marine environments. Its name even reflects this behavior, as the term "scoter" derives from the word "scoot," indicating their swift underwater movements. Primarily residing near the coastlines and estuaries, surf scoters are often observed in habitats such as rocky shores, sandy beaches, and open ocean waters.
During breeding season, surf scoters typically nest in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska, often selecting sites near freshwater ponds or lakes. They construct their nests on the ground, typically hidden among vegetation or underneath shrubs, using a combination of grasses, down, and other plant materials. Females lay a clutch of eggs, usually between 5 to 9, and incubate them for approximately one month until hatching.
Due to various conservation efforts, surf scoter populations have shown signs of stability, although specific threats such as habitat loss, oil spills, and pollution continue to impact their overall numbers. Nonetheless, their distinct appearance and intriguing diving behaviors make them an intriguing species both for bird enthusiasts and researchers alike.
The word "surf scoter" has a fairly straightforward etymology.
The term "scoter" comes from the Middle English word "skoter", which means a diving bird. This Middle English word has its roots in Old Norse, where it derived from the word "skótr", meaning to dart or rush.
The word "surf" in "surf scoter" refers to the bird's preferred habitat. Surf scoters are seabirds that frequent coastal areas, often diving and swimming in breaking waves, hence the inclusion of "surf" in its name. This use of "surf" to describe oceanic activity can be traced back to the Old French word "sourfe", which means a wave breaking onto the shore.
So, when combined, "surf scoter" essentially means a diving seabird that frequents coastal areas and often swims in waves.
