SUPERSONIC SPEED Meaning and
Definition
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Supersonic speed refers to the velocity at which an object, often an aircraft or missile, exceeds the speed of sound in a particular medium. The speed of sound varies depending on factors such as altitude, temperature, and humidity. In dry air at 20 degrees Celsius, for instance, the speed of sound is approximately 343 meters per second (1,126 feet per second) or 1,235 kilometers per hour (767 miles per hour).
When an object reaches the speed of sound, it enters a critical stage known as Mach 1 or the transonic regime. As it surpasses Mach 1, it is said to be traveling at supersonic speed. This means that it is moving faster than sound waves can propagate through the medium it is passing, leading to intense pressure waves, known as shock waves, forming around the object.
Supersonic speed holds great significance in aviation and military contexts. Aircraft designed to surpass Mach 1, often called supersonic aircraft, can travel at incredible speeds and exhibit unique aerodynamic characteristics. These include sonic booms produced when shock waves merge upon the object's passage, causing a sudden and loud noise on the ground. Additionally, supersonic speeds can pose complex challenges concerning stability, heat generated by air friction, and control of the object.
Overall, supersonic speed refers to velocities exceeding the speed of sound in a specific medium, typically in the context of aircraft and missiles. It represents an advanced realm of aeronautics that involves unique aerodynamic principles, engineering considerations, and challenges related to materials, heat, and control.
Etymology of SUPERSONIC SPEED
The word "supersonic" is derived from two Latin roots: "super" meaning above or beyond, and "sonic" referring to sound. It originated in the early 20th century when scientists and engineers began to explore the concept of surpassing the speed of sound. In 1913, the term "supersonic speed" was coined to describe velocities greater than the speed of sound in air (343 meters per second or approximately 1,125 feet per second). The prefix "super-" in "supersonic" signifies going beyond or surpassing, emphasizing the faster speed compared to the speed of sound.
