The Superior Alveolar Nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve that innervates the upper teeth and the maxillary sinus. The spelling of this word can be a bit tricky due to the complex phonetic sounds represented. The first part "suːˈpɪərɪər" is pronounced "soo-peer-ee-er" and represents the word "superior". The second part "ælˈviːələr" is pronounced "al-vee-uh-ler" and represents the word "alveolar". The last part "nɜːv" is pronounced "nerv" and represents the word "nerve". Together, they form the Superior Alveolar Nerve.
The superior alveolar nerve is a neural structure situated within the oral cavity and is a branch of the maxillary nerve, itself a division of the trigeminal nerve. It is responsible for supplying sensory innervation to the upper teeth and their surrounding structures.
Originating at the third branch of the trigeminal nerve, the maxillary nerve, the superior alveolar nerve enters the maxillary bone through the infra-orbital foramen, located beneath the eye. Upon entry into the maxilla, this nerve further divides into smaller branches known as the anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves. These smaller branches are responsible for the sensory supply to specific areas of the upper dental arch.
The sensory information provided by the superior alveolar nerve is vital for oral functioning and includes sensations of temperature, pain, and touch from the upper teeth and surrounding periodontal tissues. Any disruption or injury to this nerve can result in sensory disturbances, such as tooth sensitivity, numbness, or pain in the upper dental arch.
Clinically, the superior alveolar nerve plays a crucial role in dental procedures, particularly those involving the extraction or administration of anesthesia to the upper teeth. Understanding the anatomy and function of this nerve is essential to ensure the safe and effective delivery of dental care.