Superfetations is a rare term used in obstetrics that refers to the successive fertilization of an already pregnant female. The correct pronunciation is [soo-per-fuh-tey-shuh nz]. It is pronounced as soo-per with stress on the first syllable, and the vowel sound in the second syllable is a schwa [uh]. The third syllable is pronounced as [fuh] with the stress falling on the first vowel. The fourth syllable has a long e sound with the ending pronounced as shuh [shuh nz]. The word is derived from the Latin word "superfetus" meaning "over and above a fetus."
Superfetation is a biological phenomenon occurring mainly in certain mammals, particularly in certain species of primates, rodents, and marsupials. It refers to the occurrence of a subsequent pregnancy in an already pregnant female, resulting in the development of embryos at different stages within the same uterus. This peculiar reproductive phenomena is relatively rare and not well understood in most species.
In superfetation, the fertilization of a new ovum occurs during an already established pregnancy, leading to the presence of embryos of different ages and stages of development in a single pregnancy. This fascinating occurrence challenges the conventional understanding of reproduction, as typically females have mechanisms preventing the release of further eggs during pregnancy.
Superfetation is often observed in animals with a bifurcated uterus, where each horn is capable of sustaining a separate pregnancy. However, it has also been recorded in species with a simplex, or single-chambered, uterus. The exact mechanisms behind superfetation are still unclear, although hormonal factors are hypothesized to play a critical role.
While superfetation is rarely observed in humans and generally considered extremely rare, there have been a few confirmed cases reported in medical literature. These cases typically entail the fertilization of a second egg soon after conception, leading to two developing embryos in a single pregnancy. However, due to the significantly lower occurrence in humans compared to other mammals, superfetation is not a well-researched topic in relation to human reproductive biology.
The word "superfetation" has its origins in Latin. It derives from the combination of two Latin words: "super", meaning "above" or "beyond", and "fetus", meaning "offspring" or "young one".
In biology, superfetation refers to the phenomenon where a female animal becomes pregnant while already pregnant, resulting in a second conception and the development of another fetus while the previous pregnancy is still ongoing.
The term "superfetation" was initially used in the context of veterinary medicine and has since been adopted in human reproductive biology as well.