SUGAR ALCOHOL Meaning and
Definition
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Sugar alcohol, also known as polyols or polyhydric alcohols, is a type of carbohydrate that shares some characteristic properties with both sugars and alcohols. It is commonly used as a sweetener and is derived from naturally occurring sugars or through a chemical process.
Sugar alcohols have a similar chemical structure to sugars but have fewer calories and are not easily digested by the body. They are often found in sugar-free or low-calorie food products, such as chewing gum, candies, baked goods, and beverages, as they provide sweetness without contributing to the overall sugar content or spiking blood glucose levels.
These compounds are called "sugar alcohols" due to their alcohol-like chemical structure, which includes hydroxyl groups. Unlike traditional sugars, sugar alcohols are only partially absorbed by the body, resulting in a reduced impact on blood sugar levels. They are slowly and incompletely metabolized, making them a suitable alternative for people with diabetes or those following a low-carbohydrate diet.
Sugar alcohols have a sweet taste but can also have a cooling effect in the mouth, which makes them a popular choice in sugar-free candies and chewing gum. Some common types of sugar alcohols include sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, mannitol, and maltitol.
Though sugar alcohols are generally considered safe for consumption, excessive intake can lead to digestive issues like diarrhea and gas due to their incomplete absorption. Therefore, it is advisable to consume them in moderation and pay attention to individual tolerance levels.
Etymology of SUGAR ALCOHOL
The term "sugar alcohol" is formed by combining the words "sugar" and "alcohol".
The word "sugar" comes from the Middle English word "sugre", which was borrowed from Old French "sucre". This French word originated from Medieval Latin "sucrum", ultimately derived from Arabic "sukkar" and Persian "shakar", both meaning "sugar". These Middle Eastern words were borrowed from Sanskrit "śarkarā", which translates to "grit" or "gravel". This Sanskrit term is linked to "siṅgāra" meaning "horn with a vengeful point" and "śṛgāla", which stands for "jackal" or "wolf".
On the other hand, the word "alcohol" originates from the Arabic term "al-kohl", which referred to a fine powder produced by antimony ore.
