The submandibular salivary gland is one of the three main pairs of major salivary glands in the human body. It is located in the lower jaw region, beneath the mandible bone, just below the angle of the jawbone.
The submandibular salivary gland functions as an exocrine gland, meaning it secretes its products into ducts that connect to the oral cavity. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, a clear fluid that aids in the initial digestion of food, lubricates the mouth during speech and swallowing, and helps maintain oral health by preventing the growth of bacteria.
The submandibular salivary gland secretes saliva into the oral cavity through a main duct called Wharton's duct. This duct enters the floor of the mouth and opens into the sublingual caruncle, a small elevated papilla located on either side of the frenulum linguae, which is a fold of tissue on the underside of the tongue.
The submandibular salivary gland is relatively large and contributes the majority of saliva produced by the major salivary glands. Its secretion is initiated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation, with parasympathetic fibers being the main driving force for saliva production.
Disorders of the submandibular salivary gland can include inflammation or infection, known as sialadenitis, which can result in pain, swelling, and difficulty in eating or speaking. The gland can also develop salivary stones, obstructing the duct and causing pain and swelling.
