Subfamily Sterninae refers to a taxonomic subdivision within the family Laridae, which includes the gulls and terns. It encompasses a diverse group of seabirds characterized by their medium to large size, slender body structure, long wings, and forked or pointed tails. The subfamily Sterninae is further divided into several genera, including Sterna, Chlidonias, and Thalasseus.
Members of the Sterninae subfamily typically have a strong association with water bodies, including coastlines, oceans, lakes, and rivers. They are known to exhibit a wide range of feeding habits, including scavenging, plunge diving, aerial feeding, and surface picking. Many species within this subfamily are migratory, undertaking extensive journeys from their breeding grounds to wintering areas.
Sterninae birds are renowned for their exceptional flying ability and agility in the air, aided by their long and slender wings. They often migrate over long distances, navigating vast stretches of open water and utilizing weather patterns to aid their journeys.
These seabirds are further characterized by their unique breeding behavior, with many species nesting in colonies, often on offshore islands or in coastal areas. Their nests are usually simple structures made of plant materials, rocks, or simply placed on the ground.
Overall, the subfamily Sterninae plays a crucial ecological role, as many species contribute to marine and freshwater ecosystems by controlling populations of small fish and invertebrates. These birds also serve as indicators of the health of coastal and marine environments.
