Suber is a noun and refers to the outermost layer of cells in the cork of a tree. Cork is a specialized tissue found in the bark of certain trees, particularly the cork oak (Quercus suber). The suber layer is a key component of cork, known for its remarkable properties such as elasticity, waterproofness, insulation, and resistance to rotting and fire. It protects the tree from mechanical and environmental damage, acting as an effective barrier against water loss, pests, and diseases.
The suber layer is made up of suberin, a waxy substance that provides the cork with its characteristic properties. Suberin consists of a complex mixture of fatty substances, including hydrocarbons, acids, and glycerol esters. These compounds help create the impermeable and durable nature of cork.
The suber layer can be harvested from the cork oak without damaging the tree, as it regenerates completely within several years. This process, known as cork harvesting, has been practiced for centuries, especially in countries like Portugal, Spain, and Italy, where cork production is abundant. The harvested cork is used for a wide range of applications, such as wine bottle stoppers, flooring, insulation, gaskets, and various industrial products.
In summary, suber refers to the outer layer of cells in cork, specifically the cork oak. It is composed of suberin, providing cork with its exceptional properties, and can be sustainably harvested for multiple commercial purposes.
