Subclavian Steal Syndrome refers to a medical condition characterized by the obstruction or narrowing of the subclavian artery leading to decreased blood flow in the affected arm. The subclavian artery, situated beneath the clavicle (collarbone), is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the arms and brain. When there is a blockage or stenosis in this artery, blood flow is redirected away from the arm, resulting in a unique phenomenon called "stealing" of blood from the vertebral artery.
The syndrome typically occurs when there is a significant obstruction in the subclavian artery, such as atherosclerosis (build-up of plaque) or a congenital abnormality. The reduced blood flow causes the body to compensate by reversing the blood flow in the vertebral artery, redirecting it to the arm with the subclavian artery obstruction. This "stealing" process diverts blood away from the brainstem, leading to insufficient blood supply to this vital part of the brain.
Symptoms of Subclavian Steal Syndrome can vary but commonly include intermittent arm pain, weakness, or numbness, particularly during activities that demand increased blood flow to the affected arm. Occasionally, patients may experience dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting due to reduced blood flow to the brain. Diagnosis typically involves medical imaging techniques like angiography, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scans.
Treatment options for Subclavian Steal Syndrome aim to restore adequate blood supply to the arm and brain. These may include lifestyle modifications, medication to manage hypertension or reduce blood clot formation, vascular surgery, or endovascular procedures like angioplasty with stenting to widen or bypass the narrowed subclavian artery.
